Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2005. © 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
In a humoral immune response, B lymphocytes (also called B
cells) produce antibodies (Abs) in response to infection.
Antibodies are Y in shape. Recognition occurs when the shape of the antigen (Ag)
matches that of the antibody (Ab) and bind in a key-and-lock manner. The
resulting Ag-Ab complex activates B cells which divide into memory and plasma
cells. Plasma cells produce Antibodies that bind to the specific Ags and destroy
them.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2005. © 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation.
All rights reserved.
Flash MX 2004
Minimum Screen Resolution: 1024 x 768
Level: Beginner
File: antigen-antibody-exercise.fla
You may follow the design procedure below or use the antigen-antibody-exercise.fla and complete the animation following the timeline chart above.
Use Ctrl + L to show the Library Panel. The antigen, antibody, and B cell, were created as graphic symbols.
The antigen-antibody-exercise.fla was created as follows:
1- Draw the B Lymphocytes, Antigens, and antibodies.
2- Create Graphic symbols (F8) for:
a- Antigen1
and Antigen2
(both right and left
orientations using rotation in the Free Transform Tool).
b- Antibody
c- Combination of the cell and Antibody make up
the B Cell symbol.
3- Complete the animation following the timeline chart above.
1- Layer 1: B Cell. Drag the B Cell symbol from the library to the stage (white area) then at frame 20 insert a keyframe and add motion tween to frame 1 from the properties panel
2- Layer 2: Antigen1. Drag the Antigen1 symbol from the library then
at frame 20 insert a keyframe and move the antigen1 symbol to make it bind to
the antibody displayer on the B Cell. Then add motion tween to frame 1.
NB: Symbols need to be in separate layers to apply motion tween to them.
3- Add Layer 3: Proliferation. At Frame 20 add a keyframe and type
(Arial, 12), in black
,the word
"Proliferation"
the result is this:
4- Add two layers and call them B Cell1 and B Cell2. Insert a keyframe at frame 20 of each of the two layers.
5- From Layer 1, copy the B Cell symbol and choose Edit/Paste in Place at frame 20 in each of B Cell1 and B Cell2 layers. This will paste the B Cell symbol in the same place as in Layer 1. Our next step is to move these cells at frame 40 and add motion tween at frame 20 for both of the layers.
6- Add Keyframes to all layers at frame 40, then drag the B Cell symbol to new positions in both B Cell1 and B Cell2 layers at frame 40 then add motion tween to both layers at frame 20. This should give us the following result:
7- Now we need to label the newly formed cells: We will create a new
layer for the text called: Labels and we type under B Cell1 Memory cells and
under B Cell2 Plasma Cells using the same font we used before (Arial, 12).
to do so we need to insert a keyframe at frame 40 on the Labels layer and we
type the names under the cells.
8- Now we need to create new layers for the cells coming from B Cell1 and B Cell2. We will create two layers for the two cells coming from B Cell1 and we will call them B Cell11 and B Cell12. Then after inserting keyframes at frame 40, we paste in place on frame 40 on each of the newly created layers a copy of the frame 40 B Cell1. We do the same for B Cell2 to get B Cell21 and B Cell22.
9- We insert keyframes for all layers at frame 60 then we move the newly resulting cells (B Cell11, B Cell12, B Cell21, and B Cell22) to new positions and add motion tween to frame 40 of these layers. This should give us the following result:
10- Plasma cells will now secrete antibodies in the blood stream. To make the animation simpler, we will create a new layer and rename it to Antibodies and at frame 60, we will insert a keyframe, and then we drag several times the antibody symbol as well as Antigen1 and Antigen2 from the library and we type underneath: "Plasma cells secrete antibodies in the blood stream". The result should be like the chart above in the "Layers and Timeline" section.
11- Add a behavior at Frame 60 of any of the layers to stop the animation. You may also add a Replay Button. Details are available in the Tsunami Animation. For best results, configure the animation to run at 5 frames per second.
Good Luck!